Title: Classics 2200 / Midterm 1

Q: [...] calls humans [...] and says we are compelled to say stories, even when none are present.
A: Jonathan Gottchall; story-telling animals

Q: [...]: [...]
- [...]
- Recall that myths are not static and change over time based on the orator.
A: Mythos; A thing that is said; Involves someone telling a story and someone receiving it

Q: [...]: [...]
A: Ideology; A system of beliefs which maintains community function

Q: Myths serve to [...]
A: reinforce or challenge cultural values and practices

Divine Myth
- Explains natural phenomenon
- Reflects Greek society
- Major characters are antropomorphic and immortal gods

Q: Types of Myth
[...]
- Explains [...]
- Major characters are [...]
A: Legend; historical phenomenon; humans superior to the average man

Types of Myth
Folktale
- Depicts a inversion of typical power structures
- Major characters are ordinary people, typically tricksters
- Usually have comedic/happy endings

Types of Myth
Fable
- Depict Daily life
- Tend to be simple and didactic (teach lesson)
- Major characters are animals with human characteristics

Types of Evidence for Myths
- Texts
- Vase Paintings
- Archaeological sites
- Sculptures
- Paintings
- Mosaics
- Funerary Objects
- Coins

Major Periods of Greek History
Minoan Civilization: 3000-1400 BC
- Based on Crete
- Palaces were open-place without fortification, eg. Knossos
- Figures include bulls, snake women and labrys (double axe)

Major Periods of Greek History
Mycenean Civilization: 1650-1150 BC
- Based on Crete and surrounding areas
- Palaces were fortified on hill tops
- Were considered the first greeks in language and culture.
- Writing system called Linear B

Q: Major Periods of Greek History
[...]
- [...]
A: Dark Ages: 1100-800 BC; Nothing really happened, everyone emigrated to Asia minor

Major Periods of Greek History
Archaic Period: 800-480 BC
- Growing interest in science
- Growth of traditional city states
- First written mythology
- Olympic games established in 776 BC
- Democracy in 510 BC
- Persian wars in 490-479 BC

Major Periods of Greek History
Classical Period: 480-323 BC
- Athenian dominance forms delian league
- Wealth from silver mines
- Statesman who invested in art and education was Pericles
- Peloponnesian wars against sparta in 431-404 BC
- Alexander the Great 356-323 BC
- Persian wars in 490-479 BC

Major Periods of Greek History
Hellenistic Period: 323-146 BC
- Ruled by  alexander's successors
- Founding of important centres of education
- Ends when rome conquered greece

Q: Theogony: [...]
A: Birth of the gods

Q: The theogony is considered both a [...] and a [...]
A: genealogy; cosmology

Q: The theogony was originally an [...] but was written down by Hesiod.
A: oral epic

Features of an Oral Epic
- Sung by aoidos or bard
- Sung in dactylic hexameter
- Invokation of muses
- Repeated phrases and epithets
- Ring-composition

Q: The muses are the daughters of [...]
A: Zeus and Mnemosyne (memory)

Q: The muses live in [...]
A: Mount Helicon

The Theogony
- The muses are summoned 3 times.
- Better-than-thou attitude towards humans.
- Give the gift of speech to kings.
- Give the gift of a laurel branch and speech to hesiod.

The Theogony
First, there was only Chasm, then came along Earth, Tartarus and Eros (desire)

Q: The Theogony
From Chasm comes [...] and from [...] comes [...]
A: Night; Night; Day

Q: The Theogony
The Earth first produces [...], [...] and [...]
A: Sky (ouranos); Mountains; Sea

The Theogony
Mating with Sky, the Earth produces the 12 titans, 3 cyclops and 3 hundred-handed ones.

The Theogony
- To overthrow his father, Cronus cuts his dick off with a sickle.
- From the blood comes Erinyes (furies), Giants and Nymphs.
- From his penis landing in the sea foam by Cyprus you get Aphrodite

The Theogony
Other lesser-known children of Earth include evil things like strife, monsters, rivers and Hecate (given her honour from Zeus).

Q: The Theogony
The [...] cosmic generation is the [...]
A: 3rd; 1st generation olympians

The Theogony
- Cronus mates with Rhea to produce Hestia, Hera, Hades, Demeter, Poseidon and Zeus

Q: The Theogony
- Cronus [...] his kids since [...] told him one would overthrow him.
A: swallows; sky

The Theogony
- Rhea, with Earth's help hides baby Zeus in Crete.
- Zeus tricks his father into vomitting up his siblings.
- The first thing to come out is the omphalos which is placed in Delphi.
- Zeus then frees the cyclops and hundred-handed ones

The Theogony
Two key battles cement Zeus as king
Titanomachy:  Battle between olympians and the titans, ending in the titans being buried in tartarus
Typhonomachy: Zeus battlesTyphoeus (born of Earth and Tartarus), a snake/dragon monster

The Theogony
Fourth Generation includes
Athena, Persephone, Apollo, Artemis, Ares, Hephaestus, Hermes and Dionysus

Q: The Theogony
First wife of Zeus is [...], whom he swallows and then gives birth to [...] out of his head.
A: Metis; Athena

Q: The Theogony
Hera unilaterally gives birth to [...]
A: Hephaestus

Q: The Theogony
Zeus and [...] produce the [...]
A: Themis; Seasons, justice, peace and fates

Q: The Theogony
Zeus and [...] produce the [...]
A: Eurynome; Graces (beauty)

Q: The Theogony
Zeus and [...] produce [...]
A: Leto; Apollo and Artemis

Q: The Theogony
Zeus and [...] produce [...]
A: Hera; Ares, Hebe and Eileithyia

Q: The Theogony
Zeus and [...] produce [...]
A: Maia; Hermes

Q: The Theogony
Zeus and [...] produce [...]
A: Semele; Dionysus

The Theogony
Iapetos and Clymene have four sons called the Iapetids, consisting of Atlas, Menoitios, Prometheus and Epimetheus.

Q: The Theogony
- Prometheus means [...]
- 1st offence: [...]
- 2nd offence: [...]
A: forethought; Division of meat at mecone; Stealing fire in a fennel stock for humans

Q: The Theogony
[...]: [...]
A: Commensality; Sharing table

The Theogony
Prometheus hid the good meat in the stomach and the bones under some fat

Q: The Theogony
[...]: [...]
A: Etiology; Story which tells the reason why

Q: The Theogony
Hierarchy of Sacrifice
Gods receive [...]
Humans eat [...]
Animals are [...]
A: smoke; meat; sacrificed

Q: The Theogony
The punishment for the theft of fire includes [...] and [...]
A: binding of prometheus and his liver being eaten by an eagle; Pandora/women being made for men

Q: The Theogony
[...] made Pandora out of [...] and all the gods [...]
A: Hephaestus; Clay; gave her gifts

Q: Works and Days
[...]: [...]
A: Eris; Strife, both good and bad.

Q: Works and Days
Pandora is both the first [...] and the first [...]
A: woman; human with a name

Q: Works and Days
Pandora was given to [...] as his bride via [...].
A: Epimetheus (afterthought); Hermes

Q: Works and Days
Pandora opens a [...] releasing evil into the world until only [...] is left.
A: pithos (jar); Anticipation/hope

Works and Days
Hesiod's Five Stages
Golden Age
- Age of Cronus
- No work, grief or old age
- Now are spirits who dispense justice

Works and Days
Hesiod's Five Stages
Silver Age
- 100 year infancy with mother
- Witless adolesence
- Killed by Zeus

Works and Days
Hesiod's Five Stages
Bronze Age
- People were monstrous and war-loving
- Everything is made of bronze
- Killed by each other

Works and Days
Hesiod's Five Stages
Age of Heroes
- People were heroic mortals
- Died in great and historic battles
- Now live in islands of blest

Works and Days
Hesiod's Five Stages
Iron Age
- People were Hesiod and his contempories
- Prediction of destruction when children are born with gray hair, children dishonour parents, oath-breaking, reverence and indignation leave earth
- Hesiod says zeus is watching and will reward the just

According to Ovid's metamorphoses, pandora and Epimetheus have a daughter named Pyrrha who marries Prometheus' son Deucalion.
- Are the sole survivors of a giant flood
- Repopulate the earth by throwing rocks over their shoulders to make people.
- This way of making people is called autochthony

Q: Aeschylus' Prometheus Bound
- An example of an [...] where instead of a narrative oral epic, you have [...].
A: athenian tragedy; actors portraying characters

The City Dionysia (533 BC+)
- Festival in Athens to honour Dionysus held annually.
- Held in the spring so many visitors could come.
- Opening ceremonies included procession/sacrifice to dionysus, display of tributes, presentation of hoplite armour to sons of dead, recognition of benefactors

Q: The City Dionysia (533 BC+)
- The largest ampitheater was [...]
A: epidaurus

The City Dionysia (533 BC+)
Performances
- Dithyrambs: Choral competitive performance by 50 men or boys
- 3 tragedies and a satyr play: Tetralogy written by one playwright, 3 different ones over three days
- 3-5 comedies by various playwrights

The City Dionysia (533 BC+)
Performers
- All male athenians who's traning was paid for by choregos (wealthy leader of chorus) chosen by an archon (public official) as a form of liturgy

Q: Athenian Tragedy
- Plays were based on [...]
- Chorus consisted of [...] people who mediated action between audience and actors.
- Musical accompaniment was via [...]
A: myths; 12-15; aulos (reed pipe)

Q: Athenian Tragedy
- [...] wrote [...] and was killed by [...].
A: Aeschylus; oresteia, persians and seven against thebes; a tortoise being dropped on his head

Q: Athenian Tragedy
- [...] wrote [...]
A: Sophocles; oedipus rex, antigone and ajax

Q: Athenian Tragedy
- [...] wrote [...]
A: Euripedes; medea, bacchae, trojan women

Q: Prometheus bound
- Attributed to [...].
- Setting was [...] (desert, uninhabited) in the land of [...]
A: aeschylus; eremitic; Scythia

Q: Prometheus bound
Prometheus explains that Zeus is punishing him despite him [...]
A: helping in the titomanochy

Q: Prometheus bound
Zeus is portrayed as a [...]
A: tyrannical king

Q: Prometheus bound
Prometheus gave to humans [...] etc.
A: fire, understanding, language, taming animals

Q: Prometheus bound
Zeus in this play is not [...] and Prometheus has knowledge which can destroy him
A: omniscient

Q: Prometheus bound
Prometheus knows that whoever mates with [...] will have a son mightier than himself
A: Thetis

Q: Prometheus bound
The daughters of [...] feel bad for Prometheus.
A: Ocean

Q: Prometheus bound
[...] make [...] bind Prometheus.
A: Power and force; Hephaestus

Q: Prometheus bound
Prometheus calls [...] a slave and tells [...] not to stoop to Zeus' wishes.
A: hermes; Ocean

Prometheus bound
Io is the daughter of Inachus and is a mortal virgin princess of Argos.
- Her dreams instruct her that Zeus wants to bang her in a meadow.
- Zeus hides her in a cloud

Prometheus bound
Hera approaches Zeus and Io
- Zeus turns Io into a cow and Hera sets 1000-eyed Argus to guard it.
- Hermes kills Argus and is now called Argeiphontes by lulling him to sleep.

Prometheus bound
Io is driven mad by a gadfly and will wander all the way to Egypt where Zeus will touch her and she will give birth to Epaphus.

Prometheus bound
Several generations after Epaphus, fifty sons of Aegyptus will want to marry fifty female cousins from Danaus
- Men chase the daughters all the way to Argos and are killed and buried in pelasgian earth on their wedding night.

Prometheus bound
Only Hypermnestra spares her husband Lynceus and their offspring include both Perseus and Heracles (who will free Prometheus).

Q: Prometheus bound
Io serves to benefit both [...] and [...]
A: humans; prometheus

Q: Prometheus bound
Prometheus and Io are opposites in many ways: [...]
A: bound vs moving, god vs mortal, knowledge vs ignorance

Q: Prometheus bound
Interestingly, in this version of the myth, [...] is not present
A: pandora

Q: Prometheus bound
- Possible other related plays include [...] and [...]
A: prometheus unbound; prometheus the firebearer

Q: Prometheus unbound
- Prometheus shares his knowledge.
- [...] is married off to [...] and they have a son [...]
A: Thetis; Peleus; Achilles

Q: Prometheus the firebearer
- Prometheus and Zeus become friends
- Prometheus is [...]
A: given special honours

Zeus Jupiter
- Weapon is lightning bolt
- Represented by Eagle
- Champion of justice dike and hospitality xenia.

Q: Zeus has sex with [...] ([...]) as a [...]
A: Europa; mother of kings of Crete; bull

Q: Zeus has sex with [...] (makes [...]) as a [...]
A: Danae; Perseus; rainfall through her window

Q: Zeus has sex with [...] (mother of [...]) as her [...]
A: Alkmene; Heracles; husband

Zeus has sex with Leda (mother of Helen and Pollux) as a swan
- She also gives birth to clytemnestra and castor from the king.

Q: Zeus steals [...] as an [...]
A: Ganymede; Eagle

Q: Zeus banging someone serves to [...] and also maintains [...]
A: claim descent from Zeus; consent and chastity

Hera (Juno)
- Presides over the sanctity of marriage.
- Hostile step-mother figure.
- Represented by the peacock.

Q: [...]: [...].
A: Anakalypteria; Unveiling of the bride

Poseidon (Neptune)
- Also known as Earth-shaker
- Represented by horses and bulls
- Father of monsters such as Polyphemus and Pegasus.
- Lives with Amphitrite under the sea.

Q: Hestia ([...])
- Also known as [...]
- Virgin who stays at home at the [...]
A: Vesta; first and last born; hearth-fire

Q: Hades ([...])
- Also known as [...].
A: Dis/Pluto; receiver, hospitable one, major general

Demeter (Ceres) and Persephone Proserpina/Kore
- Demeter is the goddess of the grain.
- Have a meter/kore dyad

Q: Homeric Hymn to Demeter
- Author is [...]
- Describes [...]
A: unknown; persephone's marriage to Hades

Q: [...]: [...]
A: Katabasis; Journey to and from underworld

Homeric Hymn to Demeter
- Persephone is frolicking with daughters of Ocean.
- They are in a liminal space (meadow).
- Picking flowers to give to Artemis
- Narcissus flower is placed by Earth at the request of Zeus.

Q: Homeric Hymn to Demeter
- Demeter wanders the earth for [...] days holding a [...] and refusing to [...]
A: nine; torch; eat/bathe

Q: Homeric Hymn to Demeter
- [...] tells Demeter that Zeus gave Persephone to Hades to be his wife.
- Do not fret, [...] is a very good son-in law!
A: Helios; Aidoneus

Q: Marriages were [...] (took from father's home) and [...] (taken to husband's home).
A: exogamous; virilocal

Q: Stages of Marriage
1) [...]
- Arranged [...].
- Lady is a [...] (maiden).
A: Eggue(Betrothal); exchange between father and husband; parthenos

Stages of Marriage
2) Ekdosis (giving-away)
- Bride is washed/dressed by her female household.
- Torch-lit procession on chariot to husband's home.
- Woman becomes Nymphe (bride)

Q: Stages of Marriage
3) [...]
- Bride consummates marriage.
- Becomes a [...]
A: Gamos (marriage); gyne (mother

Homeric Hymn to Demeter
- Demeter wanders until she arrives at Eleusis, where Keleos and Metaneira are king and queen.
- There are four daughters and one son (demophon).

Q: Homeric Hymn to Demeter
- Demeter tells a story that [...].
- Queen gives her work and she drinks [...]
- [...], a servant makes her laugh
A: she escaped from slave-traders; barley and mint; Iambe

Q: Homeric Hymn to Demeter
- Demeter tries to make demophon into a god by [...], but his mom sees and screams.
- Demeter reveals her true self ([...]) and demands a temple be built.
A: putting him in a fire; epiphany

Q: Homeric Hymn to Demeter
- Demeter (in her new temple) prevents the growth of crops.
- Hermes ([...]) is sent to retrieve Persephone.
- Hades makes Persephone eat a [...], keeping her in the underworld for [...] of the year.
A: psychopomp; pomegranate seed; 1/3

Q: Homeric Hymn to Demeter
Marriage in both ritual and change of status is similar to [...]
A: death

Q: Homeric Hymn to Demeter
[...] is the cult of Demeter.
- Secret initiation rituals followed by [...].
- Initiates expect to be [...]
A: Eleusian Mysteries; dazzling light; blessed in death

Q: Homeric Hymn to Demeter
Persephone is very similar to [...] in her story
A: Io

Q: Aphrodite is said to be either the [...] by Hesiod or the daugher of [...] by homer
A: genitals of Sky; Zeus and Dione (titan)

Q: Aphrodite ([...])
- Her bird is the [...] and her epithets include [...]
A: Venus; dove; Cyprian, Cytherean, Golden

Q: Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite
- Describes how the goddess became the mother of [...] with the prince [...]
A: Aeneas; Anchises

Q: Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite
- Three godessess are immune to Aphrodite, they include [...]
A: Athena, Artemis and Hestia

Q: Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite
- In revenge, [...] makes Aphrodite fall in love with Anchises.
A: Zeus

Q: Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite
- Aphrodite tells Anchises that she is a mortal princess and was abducted by [...] to be his wife.
- Anchises has sex with Aphrodite, afterwhich she reveals herself and tells him to [...]
A: Hermes; not say anything to anyone.

Q: Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite
- Anchises is scared that he will become like [...] who was loved by [...] and became an old babbling immortal man.
A: Tithonus; Eos

Q: Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite
- Aeneas means [...] and will be raised by [...].
A: shame; nymphs

Q: Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite
- [...] is the father of Ganymede and felt appeased when [...] told him that his son will be a wine-pourer.
A: Tros; Hermes

Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite
- Virgils Aeneid descries how Aeneas flew from Troy and carried Anchises all the way to Italy

Ares (Mars)
- Son of Zeus and Hera
- Known as hated by gods and men
- Opposite of Athena in war

Q: Ares and Aphrodite
- In [...] bards sing this song to the court of phoenicians and [...].
- Zeus picks [...] to be the husband.
A: the Odyssey; odysseus; Hephaestus

Q: Ares and Aphrodite
- [...] tells Hephaestus that Aphrodite cheats on him, so Hephaestus makes a [...] for Ares.
- Ares and Aphrodite end up trapped and all the [...] are summoned to laugh at them.
A: Helios; net trap; male gods

Q: Ares and Aphrodite
- [...] jokes that he would do the same thing as Ares!
A: Hermes

Q: Ares and Aphrodite
- [...] tells Hephaestus to let them go and he will pay back the marriage gifts.
A: Poseidon

Ares and Aphrodite
- Compare adultery to Agamemnon and his wife Clytemnestra who takes up the lover Aegisthus and kills Agamemnon.
- Or compare to Odysseus and his wife Penelope who maintains his house for 20 years.

Q: Apollo [...] and Artemis [...] are the children of [...]
A: Phoebus; Diana; Zeus and Leto

Q: Apollo and Artemis
- Leto, in labour wandered the earth until the isalnd of [...] agreed to let her give birth on it.
- Hera prevented [...] (goddess of childbirth) from coming to help.
- Leto eventually gives birth to Artemis (fully-grown) and Apollo.
A: Delos; Eileithyia

Q: Apollo and Artemis
- Delos became a very rich city, and was even the treasury of the [...]
A: delian league

Q: Hymn to Apollo
- Describes, the journey of Apollo, his slaying of a dragon [...] and the establishment of a second cult site at [...]
A: Python; Delphi/Pytho

Q: Hymn to Apollo
- In this story, Typhaeon was born from [...], in addition to her other solo son {{c1:Hephaestus}}
A: Hera

Q: Hymn to Apollo
- After killing the Python, Apollo changes himself into a [...] and hijacks a ship of sailors.
- Takes the sailors to his new land and akes them rich.
A: dolphin/delphi

Apollo
- Aristochratic young man.
- Role model for ephebe (young man).
- Master of both the bow and lyre.
- Symbol is the palm tree
- Everything centers around harmony and knowing your place in the world.

Q: The oracle priestess at Delphi is called the [...] and has her message interpreted by male priests.
A: pythia

Apollo
- Also responsible for leading the muses.
- His arrows cause illness.
- Healed the sick as their Paeon, like the flower.
- His son Asclepius is god of medicine.
- Also purifies those who have been tainted by miasma for various sins.

Apollo's Lovers
- Daphne, was transformed into a laurel so she didn't get raped.
- Hyacinth was killed by a discus and turned into a flower.
- Cassandra was given the gift of prophecy but no one would believe her.

Q: Apollo, for some period was enslaved to the mortal king [...] as punishment for saving mortals from death.
A: Admetus

Q: Artemis
- Perpetual [...]
- [...] goddess
- Prefers the wilderness.
A: virgin; Hunter

Callisto, a virgin follower of Artemis was impregnated by Zeus disguised as Artemis and transformed into a bear by Artemis.
- Her son Arcas was saved by Hermes and became a hunter who almost killed his mom.
- Zeus made them into Great bear/Little Bear an action termed catasterization

Q: [...] accidentally saw Artemis bathing in the woods and was transformed into a [...] and killed by his own dogs ([...]).
A: Actaeon; Stag; sparagmos

Q: Artemis presided over the passage of young girls into adolesence, a ritual called [...]
A: brauronia

Q: [...] a queen with 14 children bragged that she was better than [...], so Apollo killed 7 sons and Artemis the 7 daughters.
- She was transformed into a [...]
A: Niobe; leto; mountain

Q: Athena and Hephaestus
- Athena is the defender of [...] and inventor of ways to [...].
- Protecter of heroes like [...]
A: civic life; dominate nature; Heracles, Perseus, and Odysseus

Q: Athena and Hephaestus
- Athena has a temple ([...]) in Athens.
- [...], an early Athenian king was born as a result of [...].
A: Parthenon; Erichthonius; Hephaestus nutting on Athena's thigh and her throwing it to the ground

Hephaestus (Vulcan)
- Son of Hera and sometimes Zeus.
- Thrown from Olympus and cared for by Thetis, being brought back by Dionysus via wine.
- Cult site is on Lemnos.
- God of fire, and leads the cyclops in a volcano forge
- Married to Aphrodite

Hermes (Mercury)
- Son of Zeus and Maia
- Symbols are the caduceus and traveler hat
- Also known as psychopomp (soul transporter and argeiphontes (slayer of argus).
- Trickster and messenger god.
- Sarpedon, a son of Zeus was taken down to the underworld by Hermes, sleep and thanatos (death)

Homeric Hymn to Hermes
- His first invention is a lyre made from a tortoise shell.
- Craving meat he steals and kills some cattle of Apollo.
- Covers his tracks and makes fire for humans in the process.
- Apollo and him go to Zeus to sort their quarrel

Homeric Hymn to Hermes
- Zeus tells Hermes to give the cattle back and to Apollo to not abuse hermes.
- When they get to the cattle, Apollo tries to tie Hermes up but Hermes plays the lyre, enchanting Apollo.
- Apollo gets the lyre and gives Hermes wealth/honour in return.

Q: House of Cadmus in Thebes
- Cadmus marries [...] and grows an army of men out of [...] thrown into the Earth.
- The army fights amongst itself until [...] sown men are left.
A: Harmonia; dragon teeth; 4

Dionysus
- Zeus bangs Semele and vapourizes her after appearing in his true form (lightning bolt) at her behest (Hera convinced her).
- Hermes rescues Dionysus from the womb and implants him in Zeus' thigh. Thus he is twice-born.

Dionysus
- Hidden from Hera on Mt. Nysa, was raised by Nymphs and changed into a goat.
- Hermes later gave him to Ino and Athamas, who raised him as a girl.
- Hera drove Athamas mad and he killed his son Learchus thinking he was a deer.
- Hera drove Ino mad and she killed herself and her son Melicertes.

Dionysus (Bacchus, Liber)
- The foreign god, is driven insane by Hera and healed by Cybele, the Phyrgian mother-goddess.
- His simbol is the thyrsus (pine-cone staff).
- Thiasos (group) of maenads/bacchants (women), satyrs, and wild animals follow him.

Dionysus
- Nostros: The return to Greece.
- Punishes those royal families who deny him.
- Eg. Lycurgus is driven mad and cuts his dead sons limbs off.
- Eg. Minyads are scared off with wine and milk and transformed into bats.

Q: Dionysus marries [...] of Crete, but his cult-centre is in [...], when Apollo is not there.
A: Ariadne; Delphi

Q: Dionysus dissolves [...]
A: boundaries

Q: Dionysus is associated with [...], [...] and [...]
A: wild plants; vital fluids; wild animals

The Orphic origin of Dionysus states he is the son of Persephone and Zeus, and is destined to be the king of all.
- The titans tear him apart (sparagmos) and eat him raw (omophagia).
- Athena rescues his heart and Zeus swallows it, implanting it in Semele

Q: Ritual involves heavy [...], lots of [...] and eating [...] food.
A: drinking; dancing; raw

Q: The song of [...] commemorates Dionysus and is preserved by the author [...].
A: phallophoria; Aithenaeus

Homeric Hymn to Dionysus
- Dionysus is captured by pirates and held for ransom.
- God's epiphany and miracles disrupts the ship.
- Helmsman says to let him go, Captain refuses.
- Dionysus turns into a bear and a lion, killing the captain and turning the rest into dolphins

Aiodos

Zeus

Athena in Trojan War

Odysseus

Dionysus Wine Bowl

Lions Gate in Mycenae

Apollo's Temple in Delphi

Birth of Aphrodite

Hermes saving Dionysus

Theseus and Minotaur

Mirror of Paris and Helen

Knossos (Minoan)

Minoan Bull fresco

Horns of Consecration

Archaic Kouros

Metope

Gilgamesh

Hercules and Athena

Achilles

Penelope

Oedipus and Sphinx

Polyxena (sacrifice)

Medea (granddaughter of sun)

Orpheus

Aeneas

Muse

Hesiod and Muses

Zeus and Typhoeus

Birth of Athena

Pandora

Deucalion and Pyrrha

Dionysus

Epidaurus

Chorus

Actors

Hermes and Argus

Prometheus and Io

Io's Journey

Prometheus being freed

Europa and Zeus

Danae and Zeus

Leda and Zeus

Hera and Zeus

Nike and Poseidon

Hera

Hades and Persephone

Bridal Procession

Eleusis

Persephone ascent

Persephone and Hades

Persephone

Aphrodite

Ares and Aphrodite

Apollo and Artemis

Delos

Apollo

Satyr and Dionysus

Thrysus Bearer

Oracle at Delphi

Apollo and Muse

Apollo and Daphne

Actaeon

Artemis

Bear girl race

Death of Niobids

Death of Sarpedon

Hermes

Hephaisteion in Athens

Dionysus and Hephaestus

Athena