Title: Webstraw: Cell Bio Anki Deck / Section 4 - Protein Synthesis and Transport

Q: protein [...] is directing proteins to the correct organelles during or after synthesis
A: targeting

Q: protein [...] is directing proteins to either the secretory or non-secretory pathway
A: sorting

Q: proteins are synthesized by cytosolic [...] or [...] attached to the ER
A: ribosomes; ribosomes

common mechanism for protein movement
1. signal sequence
2. receptor for signal sequence
3. translocation channel
4. energy source

Q: the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has uninterrupted tubules called [...] that are an extension from the nuclear membrane
A: cisterna

Q: secretory proteins enter the ER [...]
A: lumen

Q: ribosomes are located on the [...] of ER
A: cisterna

Q: secretory proteins travel is [...] throughout the [...] to avoid degradation by proteases
A: vesicles; cytosol

cotranslational translocation involves
1. signal recognition particle (SRP) recognizes amino signal (N) sequence of nascent protein
2. SRP guides polypeptide to rough ER
3. SRP receptor on ER membranes binds complex using GTP
4. proteins enters translocon to cross ER membrane into ER lumen
5. signal sequence is cleaved off by signal peptidase

Q: translocation and translation occur [...]
A: simultaneously

Q: [...] is the addition of sugars onto protein and occurs in the ER
A: glycosylation

Q: glycosylation is the enzymatic transfer of 14-residue [...] from dolichol to an [...] residue of a nascent polypeptide
A: oligosaccharide; asparagine (Asn)

Q: [...] remove sugars from oligosaccharide after the protein is fully synthesized
A: glycosidases

Q: protein [...] occurs in the ER
A: folding

Q: chaperone [...] binds to hydrophobic regions of proteins to stop them from self-associating
A: BiP

Q: calnexin and calreticulin are [...] that prevent misfolding
A: lectins

Q: Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) forms [...] bond to prevent misfolding
A: disulfide

Q: proteins go through [...] proteins for import into the mitochondrial matrix
A: Tom

Q: Tom40 allows proteins to enter [...] and into matrix of mitochondria
A: Tim44

Q: [...] in mitochodnria guides protein in and prevents misfolding using ATP
A: Hsp70

Q: the [...] pathway are for proteins made in ER and are moved to Golgi to be secreted outside the cell or into lysosomes
A: secretory

Q: Tom/Tim complex uses [...] to move the protein
A: ATP

Q: [...] recognizes target seqeunce and guides protein to [...]
A: Tom20; Tom40