Title: Webstraw: Cell Bio Anki Deck / Section 10: Membranes

Q: [...] spontaneously form lipid bilayer in aqeuous solution through [...]-bonding
A: phospholipids; hydrogen

Q: fatty acids are [...] - long [...] tail (hydrophobic) attached to a polar [...] head (hydrophilic)
A: amphipathic; hydrocarbon; carboxyl

Q: [...] fatty acids have no double bonds - more unhealthy due to stacking
A: saturated

Q: [...] fatty acids have double bonds that creates [...]
A: unsaturated; kinks

Q: membranes are [...] - rapid lateral diffusion
A: fluid

Q: [...] measures membrane fluidity by labelling membrane proteins and [...] labelled area to check for fluorescence
A: FRAP; bleaching

Q: membranes forms [...] compartments
A: closed

Q: membranes are [...] - carbohydrates are found only on the [...] face and proteins are embedded in fixed orientations
A: asymmetric; exoplasmic

Q: membranes are semi-[...]
A: permeable

Q: there are 3 types of membrane proteins
1. [...] membrane proteins
2. [...] proteins
3. [...] proteins
A: integral; lipid-linked; peripheral

integral membrane proteins are asymmetrical with 3 domains
1. cytoplasmic domain: hydrophilic - charged amino acid (Arg/Lys) interacts with polar head group
2. transmembrane domain: hydrophobic - alpha-helix or beta-barrel structure
3. exoplasmic domain: hydrophilic

Q: lipid-linked proteins are anchored to membrane by [...] adduct
A: lipophilic

Q: [...] anchor links extracellular proteins to the membrane using sugar residues
A: glycoslphosphatidylinositol (GPI)

Q: [...] of Glycine residue on cytosolic protein
A: acylation

Q: [...] of Cystine residue of cytosolic protein
A: prenylation

Q: peripheral proteins are attached to membrane through [...] interactions
A: non-covalent

Q: peripheral proteins can be used as [...] to link membrane to cytoskeleton or ECM
A: adapters

Q: [...] sequences are hydrophobic amino acid sequences that form a certain shape to be later inserted into the membrane
A: topogenic

topogenic sequences include
1. N-terminal signal sequence
2. stop-transfer/membrane anchor (STA)
3. signal anchor (SA)
4. hydrophobic C-terminus

Q: tail anchored proteins requires [...] recognization of hydrophobic C-terminal tail
A: Get3

Q: Get3 takes topogenic sequence to ER membrane which has [...] and [...] - using ATP hydrolysis, topogenic sequence is inserted into membrane
A: Get1; Get2

Q: [...] proteins have N-terminal signal sequence and STA
A: Type I

Type II and Type III are opposite orientation
1. both have SA
2. Type II has C terminal in lumen
3. Type III has N terminal in lumen

Q: type [...] proteins have altering SA and STA
A: IV

Q: facilitated transport is powered by concentration [...]
A: gradient

Q: molecules pass thorugh specific pores/channels and gates in [...] transport
A: facilitated

Q: K+ resting channel has to interact with K+ to shed [...] shell and allow it to pass
A: hydration

Q: gates open and close when needed
1. [...]-gated - binds to specific ligand
2. [...]-gated - membrane potential opens channel
A: ligand; voltage

Q: active transport uses [...] to pump moleucles against their gradient
A: ATP

active transport pumps
1. P-class - H+, Na+, K+, Ca^2+
2. V-class - H+
3. F-class - H+
4. ABC-type - many molecules

Q: Muscle Ca^2+ ATPase is a P-class pump that pumps 2 Ca^2+ into lumen per ATP to stop [...]
A: muscle contractions

Q: Na+/K+-ATPas is a P-class pump that pumps 3 Na+ and 2 K+ in per ATP to generate [...]
A: membrane potentials

Q: ABC-pump MDRI has [...] mechanism
A: flippase

Q: secondary active transport (co-transport) uses the gradient generated by [...]
A: primary active transport

Q: co-transport is [...] transport between 2 different molecules
A: coupled

Q: co-transport transports one molecule [...] the gradient and the other [...] the gradient
A: along; against

Q: Na+/Glucose symporter is powered by [...] to move 2 Na+ down its gradient and 1 glucose against its gradient - both move into [...]
A: Na+/K+ ATPase; cytosol